创造论者针对四个世俗时间度规的有效策略

Creationists against the 4 “Secular Time Scales”

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作者：袁岱青 Daiqing Yuan

By: Daiqing “Apollos” Yuan

物理学博士PhD （Physics）, 神学硕士THM（Bible Exposition）

PhD (Physics), THM (Bible Exposition)

美国德州爱彼邻圣经教会 (Abilene Bible Church, Abilene, TX) 牧师

Pastor, Abilene Bible Church, Abilene, Texas, USA

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内容:

Content:

三个幽灵
3 Ghostly Spirits

四个“世俗时间度规”
4 Secular Time Scales

对四个圣经时期的另类解释
4 Biblical Times, extraneous explanations

四个世俗时期对应的圣经时期
4 Secular Time Periods & their Corresponding Biblical Periods

宇宙学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Cosmo-STS

地质学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Geo-STS

考古学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Archeo-STS

生物学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Bio-STS

年轻地球论的科学硬证据
The Hard Evidences for YEC

正确的圣经年代学
The Correct Biblical Chronology

圣经年代学的天文印证
Astronomical Proof of Bible Chronology

使用圣经世界观解释一切
Apply Biblical Worldview on All

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三个幽灵
3 Ghostly Spirits

• 大约在1860年, 三个幽灵出现在欧洲上空，改变了世界历史的走向。
• 它们的名字分别念是高等批评、进化论，和共产主义。
• 高等批评攻击了圣经的可靠性。
• 进化论和共产主义替代了圣经世界观的开头和结尾。
• 进化论被认为是共产主义的科学根基。

• About 1860, Three Ghostly Spirts Arose above Europe, and Changed the Direction of History for the Whole World.
• They Are Called Higher Criticism, Evolution, and Communism.
• Higher Criticism Attacked the Reliability of the Bible.
• Evolution and Communism Replaced the Beginning and the End of the Biblical Worldview.
• Evolution Is Considered the Scientific Foundation of Communism.

四个“世俗时间度规”
4 Secular Time Scales

进化论的科学根基是四个世俗时间度规（Secular Time Scale，STS）：

The Scientific Foundation of Evolution Is 4 Secular Time Scales (STS)：

1.宇宙学的（Cosmological）：宇宙年龄约135亿年

1. Cosmological STS: The Age of the Universe Is about 13.5 billion years.

2. 地质学的（Geological）：地球年龄约45亿年

2. Geological STS: The Age of the Earth Is about 4.5 billion years.

3.考古学的（Archeological）：城市文明约1万年

3. Archeological STS: Urban Civilization of Humanity Is about 10,000 years.

这三个支持一个：生物学的（Biological：生命500万年/人类20万年

These 3 Support 1: #4 Biological STS: Life Is about 5 million years, and Humans about 200,000 years.

对四个圣经时期的另类解释
4 Biblical Times, extraneous explanations

那些世俗事件度规是对圣经时期或事件的另类解释：

Those STS Are Extraneous Explanations to Short Biblical Time Periods or Events:

创世周（Nisan 1-7，3893 BC）: 把1周变成135亿年（宇宙的年龄）

The Creation Week (Nisan 1-7, 3893 BC): 1 Week Is Stretched to 13.5 billion years (the Age of the Universe).

洪水年（2238-2237 BC）: 把1年变成4.5亿年 （地球的年龄）

The Year of the Flood (2238-2237 BC): 1 year Is Stretched to 4.5 billion years (the Age of the Earth).

巴别塔（1898 BC）： 把一个事件变成约1万年（人类文明史）

The Tower of Babel (1898 BC): 1 Event Is Stretched to 10,000 years.

圣经历史（3893 BC 至今）大约6000年变成亿万年

The Biblical History (3893 BC till Now): c.6000 years Is Stretched to billions of years.

四个世俗时期对应的圣经时期
4 Secular Time Periods & their Corresponding Biblical Periods

世俗时期 Secular Time Period	时间长度 Duration	圣经时期 Biblical Time Period	时间长度 Duration
宇宙学时期 Cosmological Time	135亿年 13.5 bnyr	创世周 Creation Week	1周 1 Week
地质学时期 Geological Time	45亿年 4.5 bnyr	洪水年 Year of the Flood	1年 1 Year
（人类）生物学时期 (Human) Biological Time	5百万年 5 mnyr	全部圣经历史 All Biblical Time	6千年 6 kyr
（人类城市文明）考古学时间 Archeological Time (for Human Civilization in Cities)	1万年 10 kyr	巴别塔事件 Tower of Babel Event	1夜之间 1 Night

以下是年老地球论的推理背后的假设，这些假设不是事实而是信仰。

The Following Are The Assumptions behind the Reasoning for the Old Earth Theory. These Assumptions Are Not Facts, but Theories Based on Faiths.

1.1）宇宙学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Cosmo-STS

对宇宙年龄的估计（135亿年）来自对宇宙中离银河系最远的星系的距离的估计（135亿光年），加上狭义相对论中光速是常数的假设。

The Estimated Age of the Universe (13.5 billion years) Is Bases on the Estimated Distance from the Farthest Galaxy to Our Milky Way (13.5 bly [billion Light-years]), Plus the Assumption in Special Relativity that the Speed of Light Is a Constant.

问题在于：人可以使用1）三角测距（parallax）根据亮度确定在1万光年之内的星星的距离，因为日地距离作为天文单位很小；2）标准蜡烛（Standard Candles，造父变星和第1a类超新星）测量到1亿甚至10亿光年的星系，其中从光曲线推导出绝对星等是可疑的；3）哈勃定律（光谱红移决定速度，速度正比于距离，比例是哈勃常数）。最远的（13亿光年）是一个类星体（超大红移），不是星系（较小红移）。

Problems: One Can Use 1) the Parallax Method to Measure up to 10 kly (thousand light-years), for the Solar-Earth Distance as the Astronomical Unit Is Very Small; 2) the Standard Candles (Cepheid Variables and Type-1a Supernovae) up to 100 mly and 1 bly (The Derivation of Absolute Magnitude from Light Curve Is Questionable); 3) the Hubble’s Law beyond 1 bly (Redshift => Velocity => Distance), the Furthest (13 bly) Is a Quasar (with Huge Redshifts), Not a Galaxy (with Small Redshifts).

但是：3）哈勃定律是否成立和哈勃常数有多大是根据对远距离星系的光谱的测量，因为近距离的星系不严格遵从这个定律。所以严格来说哈勃定律不是根据实验数据，而是凭信心接受的公理（包括大小麦哲伦星系的距离在162 kly和206 kly 等）。

However: 3) The Validity of Hubble’s Law and the Magnitude of Hubble’s Constant Depend on the Measurement of the Spectra of Far-away Galaxies, because Nearby Ones Do No Observe the Law. So Hubble’s Law Is Not Based on Experimental Data, but Is an Axiom Accepted by Faith (esp. on the Magellanic Clouds at 162 & 206 kly).

4）就算接受这些距离，仍然需要接受狭义相对论的光速为常数的假设。但是狭义相对论只对相对匀速运动的系统成立。如果星系之间有相对的加速运动，这个假设就不成立。而宇宙有过一个超光速的“飞胀阶段”似乎是大爆炸理论家的共识。

4) Even if We Accept the Distances from Hubble’s Law, We Still Need to Accept the Assumption from Special Relativity that the Speed of Light Is a Constant. However, Special Relativity Only Stands for Uniformly Moving Referential Systems. If There Is Relative Acceleration, the Assumption Does Not Stand. But the Universe Had a Period of High-speed Expansion (“Inflation”) Was the Consensus of the Big Bang Theorists。

5）如果接受有超光速飞胀期，就应该接受后来有减速期，一直到稳定在现在的常速膨胀为止。在那减速期间的光速非常数。

5) If There Were a Superluminal Inflation, There Should Be a Deceleration Period, until It Is Stabilized to the Stable Speed Expansion as in the Present. During Those Periods, the Speed of Light Was Not a Constant.

6）如果光速非常数，那么就不能从距离推出时间来。

6) If the Speed of Light Was Not a Constant, One Cannot Derive Time from Distance.

7）超光速飞胀期不如说是高光速膨胀期。如果光速减速到如今的常数，在那以前可以用很短时间跨越很大距离，所以长距离可能对应短时间。

7) Superluminal Inflation Was in-effect a High Speed-of-Light Expansion. If Light Decelerated to the Current Constant Speed, It Covered a Large Distance in a Short Time. So, Long Distance Does Necessarily Correspond to Long Time.

结论：就算接受宇宙学里得到距离的一系列的信仰假设，宇宙学也不能决定性地推导其流行的时间度规。

Conclusion: Even if the Series of Assumptions Are Accepted, Cosmology Cannot Determinatively Derive Its Time Scale.

1.2a）地质学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Geo-STS

对地球年龄的估计（45亿年）来自用放射性同位素（U=>Pb, K=>Ar）对岩石年龄的测量。

The Estimate of the Age of the Earth (4.5 billion years) Comes from Measuring the Age of the Rocks by the Decay of Radioactive Isotopes (U=>Pb, K=>Ar).

问题是：

1） 这些极长半衰期（约10亿年）没有直接实验验证。现代科学只有约五百年，测量的时间长度远远没有达到半衰期的十分之一（得出有意义的曲线的最低要求）。

Problems:

1) The Extremely Long Half-lives (c. 1 billion years) Have No Direct Experimental Validations. Modern Science Is Only 500 Years Old. The Time of Measurement Is Far Less than 1/10 of the Half Life (the Minimum to Draw a Meaningful Curve).

2）就算接受这些半衰期，只有假设岩石样品起初只有母元素，没有子元素，才能得出确定的岩石年龄。

2) Even if We Accept the Half-lives, the Age of the Rock Can Be Derived Only if We Assume that Initially There Was Only the Mother Element, and No Daughter Element.

但是，

3）按照没有起初子元素的假设，地球上不同的岩石会得出相差极大的岩石年龄。

However,

3) According to the Assumption of Zero Initial Daughter Elements, Different Rocks on the Earth Appear to Have Greatly Divergent Ages.

4a）按照哲学家康德（Immanuel Kant）提出的星云假说，即太阳系天体是一个星云冷却形成的，因此不同行星的年龄相同。

4a) According to the “Nebula Hypothesis” by the Philosopher Immanuel Kant, All Celestial Objects in the Solar System Were Condensed from One Nebula, thus Have the Same Age.

4b）按照博德定律（Bode’s Law: 行星轨道“半径”正比于0.4+0.3*2^n, n = -∞, 0, 1, 2…, 因此 r = 0.4, 0.7, 1, 2.8, 5.2, 10, 19.6…），在火星与木星之间缺失的一个行星形成的小行星带（Asteroid Belt）会成为流星或陨石。

4b) According to “Bode’s Law” (The “Radius” of the Planets’ Orbits Is Proportional to 0.4+0.3*2^n, n = -∞, 0, 1, 2…, i.e. r= 0.4, 0.7, 1, 2.8, 5.2, 10, 19.6…), A Missing Plant between Mars and Jupiter Became the Asteroid Belt, which Can Become Meteors and Meteorites.

4c）对一块陨石（假设来自流星带，起初子元素为零）测量得出其年龄，并且接受之为地球年龄。

4c) The Age of One Meteorite  (Calculated by Assuming that It Is from the Asteroid Belt, and Has Zero Initial Daughter Element) Was 4.5 billion years, which Was Accept as the Age of the Earth.

5）使用地球上的岩石测年代时，如果与从这块陨石得到的年代不同，就假设其中的起初子元素含量不为零，调整结果与“大叙述”接轨。

5) When Using the Earth’s Rocks to Measure Ages, if the Result Is different from the Age of that Meteorite, the Initial Daughter Elements Are Assumed to Be Non-zero, to Adapt to the Meta-Narrative.

6）但是，一旦允许起初子元素不为零，那么任何年代都是可能的，包括那块陨石的。

6) However, If the Initial Daughter Element Is Allowed to Be Non-zero, All Ages Are Possible, Including that Meteorite’s.

7）结论：岩石起初可以同时有母元素和子元素。所以放射性同位素测年代法不能对地球年龄得出确定的结果。长久或年轻，逻辑上都有可能，完全取决于信仰。

7) Conclusion: The Rocks Could Have Both the Mother and the Daughter Elements in the Beginning. The Measurement of the Age of the Earth by Radioisotope Dating Cannot Be Definitive. Old or Young Are Both Possible. It Depends on Faith.

1.2B）地质学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Geo-STS1.

一个常常被误解的流行术语是“碳14测年代法”。人们误以为它可以测出地球的年龄。

One Often Misunderstood Popular Term Is “Carbon 14 (C-14) Dating.” People Think that It Could Determine the Age of the Earth.

但是，

1）因为碳14的半衰期只有大约5000年，所以它最多可以被用来测量两万年以内的物件；

2）它只能测量有机物，因为测量原理是假设物件活着时候呼吸，使得内部的碳14对碳12的比例与当时空气中的相同；

3）假设这个比例不变是不一定成立的，因为空气中的碳14来自氮被宇宙射线的中子击中后演化产生的。如果大洪水前有“水天幕”拦阻辐射，那么洪水前空气中就没有碳14，而从零到达饱和需要大约两万年。

However,

1) The Half Life of C-14 Is Only about 5,000 years, therefore It Can Only Measure Objects within 20,000 years.

2) It Can Only Measure Organic Objects. For the Principle of the Measurement Is that the Object Breathed when It Was Alive, so that the Initial Ratio of C-14/ C-12  Was the Same with that in the Air at that Time.

3) The Assumption that the Ratio Is a Constant Is Not Necessarily True. For C-14 in the Air Comes from Nitrogen in the Air Being Hit by the Neutrons in the Cosmic Ray. If There Was a “Water Canopy” before the Great Flood, which Would Stop the Neutrons from Hitting the Atmosphere, There Would Be No C-14 in the Air before the Flood. Reaching Saturation from Zero Needs about 20,000 years.

4）实验数据证明如今空气中的碳14含量还在增加，与洪水前为零一致。

4) Experimental Data Proves that the C-14 Content in the Air Is Still Increasing Today. It Is Consistent to Zero C-14 Content before the Flood.

5）如果洪水前的空气中的碳14含量为零，那么假设空气中的碳14比碳12的比例不变会导致约接近洪水越大的误差，而且趋向无限大。

5) If the C-14 Content Was Zero before the Flood, Assuming a Constant C-14/C-12 Ratio Would Bring an Error, which Increases toward Infinity at the Time of the Flood.

6）如果圣经大洪水发生在公元前2238-2237年，距今约4300年，用碳14测年代法只能对距今2000年以内的物件比较准确，越往前的误差越大，而且趋向无穷，不能测量到4300年以前，也与地球年龄无关。

6) If the Biblical Flood  Happened in 2238-2237 BC, about 4,300 years Before Now, the C-14 Measurement Can Only Get Relatively Accurate Date for the Objects within 2,000 year Before Now. The Earlier, the Greater the Error, and Approaching Infinity. It Cannot Measure More than 4,300 years, thus Not the Age of the Earth.

1.3A）考古学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Archeo-STS

古生物考古学是基于地质学的地层划分，从最低的原始层（寒武纪前的冥古宙、太古宙与元古宙 ），向上到转换层（寒武纪后即显生宙的的古生代【寒武纪、奥陶纪、志留纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪、二叠纪 】和中生代【三叠纪，侏罗纪和白垩纪 】，到最高层的新生代（第三纪、第四纪）。

Paleontology Is Based on Geological Strata, from the Lowest Pre-Cambrian Layer (Hadean, Archean, and Protezoic Eons), to the Post-Cambrian Layers (Panerozoic Eon), the Transitional Layers (Paleozoic Era [Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian Periods] and Mesozoic Era [Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods], then the Top Layer (Cenozoic Era [Tertiary and Quaternary Periods]).

1790年以前，地层是按照圣经大洪水中的沉积层次安排；1840年以后，变成按照进化论对古生物的年代的安排。

Before 1790, the Strata Were Arranged by the Sedative Sequence in the Biblical Flood. After 1840, They Were Arranged by Evolution of Lifeforms.

问题在于：

1）这些地层是在不同地方被发现的，然后按照理念被放入一个地质层柱（Geo-strata Column）。

Problem:

1) These Layers Were discovered in Different Places of the World, then Arranged Ideologically in One Geo-strata Column.

2）地层的次序是按照进化论对（水成岩中的）古生物化石安排的次序，然而古生物的年代又依赖（唯独可以用同位素测年代法的）火成岩地层的年代。

2) The Order of the Geological Layers Are according to the Fossils of Lifeforms Arranged by Evolution, but the Dates of the Fossils (Only in Sedative Layers) Depended on the Age of the Igneous Layers (the Only One that Can Have Radioisotope Dating).

3）就算接受那些巨大的半衰期，仍然需要假设起初的子元素为零，或者知道起初的子元素对母元素的比例，才能测年。

3) Even if We Accept the Half-lives, We Still Need to Assume Zero Initial Content of the Daughter Elements, or to Know the Initial Ratio of the Daughter Elements to the Mother Elements, in Order to Measure the Ages of the Rock.

4）因为假设起初子元素为零得出的年代有极大的差别，因此基本上是接受了起初子元素不为零。这就允许任何年龄。

4) Because the Assumption of Zero Initial Content Brought Greatly Different Ages of the Rocks, the Non-zero Initial Daughter Element Is Practically Granted. This Would Allow Any Ages.

5）如果火成岩中起初子元素对母元素的比例和水成岩中进化论期待的古生物年龄是彼此决定，逻辑上这是循环论证。它可以一致，却不是证明。

5) If the Initial Daughter Element in Igneous Rocks and the Age of the Fossils in Sedative Rocks Determine Each Other,  It Is Logical Circular Reasoning. It May Be Consistent, but Is No Proof.

1.3B）考古学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Archeo-STS

人类文明考古学的基本假设是认为人类文明是全球同步和线性地进步，可以用物质生产的方式来衡量，故此时间可以分段为1）石器时代，2）青铜器时代，3）铁器时代。然后再细分为旧石器、新石器时代；早、中、晚期青铜器时代；铁器时代一、二、三期等等。

Archeology of Human Civilizations Is Based on the Assumption that Human Civilizations Progress with Global Synchronism, Linearly, and Can Be Measured by the Means of Material Production. Time Is Periodized as 1) Stone Age, 2) Bronze Age, 3) Iron Age. Detailed Divisions Are Made Later as the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages; the Early, Middle, and Later Bronze Ages; and Iron Age I, II, III, etc.

问题在于：

1）人类文明不是全球同步的，而且物质生产不是准确的度量：1a）下撒哈拉非洲从来没有过青铜器；1b）中南美洲在西班牙人的征服之前从来没有过铁器；1c）亚非欧三大洲上的文明中心是中东，其它地方的同样时代的文明不在同一时间（比如中国的铁器时代就比中东的晚一千年）。

Problem:

1) Human Civilizations Are Not Globally Synchronous, and Material Production Is Not the Accurate Measure. 1a) Sub-Saharan Africa Never Had Bronze. 1b) Mesoamerica and South America Never Had Iron before the Conquistadors. 1c) The Center of Civilization on Eurasia and Africa Is the Middle East. The Same Civilization in Different Places Are Not at the Same Time (e.g. China’s Iron Age Was 1,000 years Later than that of the Middle East).

考古学（尤其是古代中近东，包括圣地考古学）的方法是分辨考古地层，根据其中埋藏的物件（陶器、印章等）来确定其年代。

Archeology (esp. Ancient Middle East, including Holy Land Archeology) Analyzes Archeological Strata, Determining Date by the Buried Objects (Pottery, Seal etc.).

虽然根据地层得出的相对年代（次序先后）可以接受，但是其绝对年代却不信，因为它是根据来自文明中心的出口物件确定的。比如巴勒斯坦考古地层是根据来自埃及的物件确定年代，因为埃及被认为已经有确定的绝对年代表。

The Relative Date (Chronological Sequence) from the Strata Can Be Accepted, but the Absolute Date (in What Year) Is Not Trustable, because It Is Determined by the Exported Objects from the Centers of Civilization. E.g., Archeological Strata in Palestine Was Determined by Objects from Egypt, for Egypt Was Considered to Have Definite Chronology.

但是，埃及从来没有一个编年史，直到公元前二世纪的曼内托（Manethos）第一个把埃及王朝按照数字命名和线性排列。

However, Egypt Never Had a Chronicled History, until Manetho of the 2^nd Century BC, who First Listed Egyptian Dynasties by Numbers Linearly.

曼内托把埃及王朝按照数字安排成线性的。但是历史研究证明了有许多王朝是同时平行存在的（比如13-17王朝都在喜克索斯时期，分别存在于上埃及和下埃及），就像中国有南北朝和五代十六国时期，如果都变成线性的，就会拉长中国历史年代。

Manetho Listed the Egyptian Dynasties by Numbers Linearly. However, Historical Research Proved that Many Dynasties Were Parallel and Synchronous (e.g. 13th-17th Dynasties Were All in the Hyksos Time, Existing Separately in Upper and Lower Egypt), Just Like China’s “Southern Dynasties and Northern Dynasties” Period, or “Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” Period. If They Were Made Linear, It Would Have Lengthened Chinese History Greatly。

比曼内托早三个世纪的希腊历史之父希罗多德（Herodotus）写的埃及历史对王朝的安排次序不同，比如造金字塔的第四王朝在第十二王朝的Sesostris之后。

Herodotus, the Greek “Father of History,” Earlier than Manetho by 3 Centuries, Wrote a History of Egypt with Different Order than Manetho. E.g. The Pyramid–maker Fourth Dynasty Was Later than King Sesostris of the Twelfth Dynasty.

结论：埃及年代学有系统误差，可能被拉长了数百年、甚至上千年。（根据埃及年代学得出的）考古学的绝对年代有同样的问题。

Conclusion: Egyptian Chronology Has Systemic Errors. It Could Have Been Stretched Longer by Several Hundred Years, Maybe a Millennium. Thus the Absolute Date of Archeology (Derived by Egyptian Chronology) Has a Similar Problem.

1.4）生物学的世俗时间度规背后的假设
Assumptions behind the Bio-STS

生物进化论的时间表是基于以上三个世俗时间度规，而且彼此影响（见地质学STS与古生物进化论的循环论证）。

The Chronology of Biological Evolution Is Based on the First 3 STS. And There Are Mutual Influences (e.g. the Circular Reasoning in Geo-STS with Paleontology).

因为以上三个STS都是基于一系列的假设，不是不可争辩的科学事实。它们不能作生物进化论的科学根基，因为是彼此支持的一个信仰体系的不同分支。

The First 3 STS Are All Based on a Series of Assumptions. They Are Not Indisputable Scientific Facts. They Cannot Serve as the Scientific Basis for Biological Evolution, for All of Them Are Different Branches of One Belief System, Supporting Each Other.

一个信仰体系如果假设众多，实验验证稀少，就是一个不稳定的倒金字塔。进化论和相关的STS就是这样一个体系。这是理性的人不应优选的。

If a Belief System Has Many Assumptions, and Few Experimental Proofs, It Is Like an Unstable Inverted Pyramid. Evolution and Related STS Are Such a System. It Should Not Be Preferred by Rational People, if There Are Other Options.

理解、掌握和指出这些STS背后的假设，是打开人们头脑的第一步。

Understanding, Mastering, and Pointing Out the Assumptions behind the STS Is the First Step to Opening the People’s Mind.

生物进化论的时间表是基于以上三个世俗时间度规，而且彼此影响（见地质学STS与古生物进化论的循环论证）。

The Chronology of Biological Evolution Is Based on the First 3 STS. And There Are Mutual Influences (e.g. the Circular Reasoning in Geo-STS with Paleontology).

因为以上三个STS都是基于一系列的假设，不是不可争辩的科学事实。它们不能作生物进化论的科学根基，因为是彼此支持的一个信仰体系的不同分支。

The First 3 STS Are All Based on a Series of Assumptions. They Are Not Indisputable Scientific Facts. They Cannot Serve as the Scientific Basis for Biological Evolution, for All of Them Are Different Branches of One Belief System, Supporting Each Other.

一个信仰体系如果假设众多，实验验证稀少，就是一个不稳定的倒金字塔。进化论和相关的STS就是这样一个体系。这是理性的人不应优选的（若有其它可能）。

If a Belief System Has Many Assumptions, and Few Experimental Proofs, It Is Like an Unstable Inverted Pyramid. Evolution and Related STS Are Such a System. It Should Not Be Preferred by Rational People, if There Are Other Options.

理解、掌握和指出这些STS背后的假设，是打开人们头脑的第一步。

Understanding, Mastering, and Pointing Out the Assumptions behind the STS Is the First Step to Opening the People’s Mind.

真的理论须符合事实。以下是支持年轻地球论的科学的硬证据。

Truth Must Fit the Facts. The Following Are Hard Evidences for the Young Earth Creationism (YEC).

2a）年轻地球论的科学硬证据
The Hard Evidences for YEC

约拿单·撒尔法提（Johnathan Sarfati）的“否定妥协” （Refuting Compromises）一书（2004年）列出了以下的证据（327-362页）：

Johnathan Sarfati’s “Refuting Compromises” (2004) Listed the Following Evidences (pp. 327-362):

1）地球磁场衰退：假设目前的衰退速率（每个世纪5%）是恒常的，那么地球年龄不能长于一万年，否则那时的地核的极高磁场会导致高热和融化地球。

1) The Decay of the Earth’s Magnetic Field: Assuming the Current Rate (5% per Century) Is a Constant, then the Age of the Earth Cannot Be Longer than 10,000 Years. Otherwise, the High Magnetic Field in the Earth’s Core Would Have Brought High Heat, Enough to Melt the Earth.

2）岩石里的氦原子（核反应释放的α粒子）太多，所以岩石不可能有很长的时间（像放射性同位素测年法声称的）。它(岩石)只有6000年左右（±2000年）。

2) There Are Too Much Helium (α-particles Released during Nuclear Reactions) in the Rocks. So the Rocks Cannot Be Very Old (as Claimed by the Radioactive Isotope Method). It Can Be Only Be up to 6,000 years (±2,000 years).

3）根据海里的盐增长（减掉失丧）的速度，倒推回全是清水时，得出海洋年龄最高估计是6千万年以下（与6千年一致，与45亿年不一致）。

3) By the Rate of the Increase of Salt in the Sea (Minus the Rate of Its Reduction), Extrapolated Back to the Time when the Sea Was All Pure Water, the Age of the Oceans Can Be as High as 60 million years (Consistent with 6,000 years, Inconsistent with 4.5 billion years).

4）超新星残余（Super-Nova Remnant, SNR）分一二三期。如果宇宙有135亿年那样久，应该有很多三期的，少量二期的，很少一期的。但是如果只有7000年，就有不少二期的，少数一期的，没有三期的。观察结果与后者相同。

4) Super-Nova Remnant Can Be Divided into Stages I, II, II. If the Universe Is as Old as 13.5 billion years, There Should Be Many Stage III, a Few Stage II, and Few Stage I. But if It Is as Young as 7,000 years, There Would Be Many Stage II, Few Stage I, and No Stage III. The Observed Result Is the Latter.

5）彗星每次经过太阳都会蒸发，因此如果太阳系的历史很久，全部彗星都应该消失了。现在还有很多彗星，说明太阳系历史不久。在冥王星轨道之外的彗星库Oort Cloud是一个没有证明的假设。

5) Every Comet Evaporated when It Passed Near the Sun. If the Solar System Is Very Old, All Comets Should Have Disappeared. But There Are Still Many Comets Now; So the Solar System Cannot Be Very Old. The “Oort Cloud” (a Reservoir of Comets beyond Pluto) Is an Unproven Assumption.

6）因为潮汐摩擦，地球自转在缓慢减速（6000年30小时，每天0.05秒）；因为角动量守恒，月亮也在远离地球（每年4厘米）。如果算常数，14亿年前月亮就接触地面了。这与6千年一致，与45亿年不一致。

6) Because of Tidal Friction, the Earth’s Revolution Is Slowing Down (30 hours in 6,000 years, 0.05 sec/day). The Conservation of Angular Momentum Makes the Moon Back Away from the Earth (4 cm/year). If That Rate Is a Constant, the Moon Would Have Touched the Earth 1.4 billion years ago. This Is Consistent to 6,000 years, Inconsistent to 4.5 billion years.

7）恐龙骨头里的软组织被发现。这与亿万年不一致，而与数千年可以一致。

7) Soft Tissues Have Been Found in Dinosaur Bones. This Is Inconsistent to Billions of Years, and Could Be Consistent to Thousands of Years.

8）从铀（U²³⁸）蜕变到铅（Pb²⁰⁶）需要经过14步，其中有8步释放α粒子。在迅速结晶的岩石中它们形成“辐射光环”（radiohalos）.

8) The Decay from Uranium (U²³⁸)  to Lead (Pb²⁰⁶) Needs 14 Steps. Among Them 8 Steps Release α-particles, which Form the “radiohalos” in Rocked that Are Quickly Crystalizing.

RATE（Radioisotopes & the Age of The Earth）在研究大洪水岩石时发现：

RATE（Radioisotopes & the Age of The Earth）Found in the Rocks Formed during the Flood:

8a）短半衰期的钋Po（三个同位素，从几秒到几天）的辐射光环说明快速形成岩石。

8a) Short Half-life Radiohalo of Po (3 Isotopes, Seconds or Days): Fast Formation of Rocks.

8b）长半衰期的铀U（45亿年）和钍Th（141亿年）的辐射光环说明在高热下加速衰变。

8b) Long Have-life Radiohalo of U (4.5 byr) and Th (14.1 byr): Accelerated Decay under High Heat.

8c）圆形和椭圆形光环都存在说明岩石形成时经历迅速和高压的挤压。

8c) Circular and Elliptic Radiohalos: High Pressure Squeezing of the Rocks during Formation.

8d）煤里的树化石里的铀U比铅Ph多64,000倍，说明没有经过亿万年衰变。

8d) Tree Fossils in Coal: U > Pb by 64,000 Times: No Long Decay for billions of years.

9）大陆土壤流失的速率是平均每一千年6厘米。如果经历了亿万年，全部大陆都应变成光秃（北美大陆需1千万年）。这与6千年一致，与亿万年不一致。

9) The Rate of the Loss of Soils on the Continent Is 6 cm/millennium. If There Were Billions of Years, All Continents Would Have Become Bald (North America Only Needs 10 million years). This Is Consistent to 6,000 years, but Inconsistent to Billions of Years.

这些是宇宙和地球年龄上限。其中最小的与全部一致，是6000年左右。

These Are the Upper Limits on the Age of the Universe and the Earth. Among Them, the Smallest Would Be Consistent with All, and It Is about 6,000 years.

没有任何理论是没有假设的。但是奥卡姆剃刀（Occam’s Razor）要求假设越少越好，印证越多越好。理论必须自洽（没有矛盾），而且不能有“硬伤”（与实验的硬证据抵触）。这是一个正金字塔型的系统。

There Is No Theory that Has No Presuppositions. However, 1) Occam’s Razor Requires that the Fewer the Assumptions, the Better; the More Experimental Validations, the Better. 2) Theories Must Be Logically Consistent (without Contradiction), and 3) Theories Must Not Have “Hard Wounds” (Inconsistency with Experimental Hard Evidences) . This Is a Pyramid-like System.

进化论世界观（神不存在，年老地球）是一个倒金字塔型系统。

The Worldview of Evolution (No God, Old Earth) Is an Inverted-pyramid-like System.

创造论世界观（神存在，年轻地球）是一个正金字塔型系统。

The Worldview of Creation (God, Young Earth)  Is a Pyramid-like System.

找到建立信仰系统必须遵从的“硬证据”是督促理性的人更换系统的关键。

Finding the Hard Evidences Is the Key of Making the Rational Men Change their Belief System.

正确的圣经年代学，及对它（主要是天文学）的科学印证。

The Correct Biblical Chronology, with Scientific (Mainly Astronomical) Validations

3a）正确的圣经年代学
The Correct Biblical Chronology

正确的圣经年代学建立在正确的天文学知识和计算之上。

The Correct Biblical Chronology Is Based on the Correct Knowledge and Calculation of Astronomy.

建立正确的圣经年代学的第一步是解出分裂王国时期的年代。1）以色列和犹大两国分别使用对方作参照，以色列和亚述有两次接触，亚述的官名年表（Eponym Canon）记载了一次日食，可以被独一确定（763BC）。2）以色列和犹大的历法不同（虽然都是阴阳历），以色列用春天开始的尼散年，犹大用秋天开始的提斯利年。3）两国的纪年法不同，而且都有过改变。登基年系统（AYS）和非登基年系统（NAYS）背后有意识形态。比较敬畏神的王开始用AYS（犹大的罗波安和亚玛撒、以色列的约阿施）；比较不敬畏神的王开始用NAYS（以色列的耶罗波安、犹大的约兰）。4）有时有父子共治（coregency）或平行统治（parallel reign）。5）结果是王国分裂在930BC，北国被掳亚述在723BC，南国被掳巴比伦在605、597、 586 BC.

The First Step of Finding the Correct Biblical Chronology Is to Solve the Chronology of the Divided Monarchy. 1) Israel and Judah Used Each Other as Reference. Israel Had 2 Contacts with Assyria. The “Assyrian Eponym Canon” Recorded a Solar Eclipse that Can Be Uniquely Determined in 763 BC. 2) Israel and Judah Used Different Calendar Systems, though both Lunisolar. Israel Used Nisan-years that Begins a Year from the Spring; Judah Used Tishri-years that Begins a Year from the Fall. 3) They Used Different Chronicle Systems, and Both Made Changes. The Accession-Year System (AYS) and Non-Accession-Year System  (NAYS) Had Ideologies behind Them. The Kings who Feared God (Relatively Speaking) Began Using AYS (Judah’s Rehoboam and Amaziah; Israel’s Jehoash); the Kings who Did Not Fear God Began Using NAYS (Israel’s Jeroboam; Judah’s Joram) . 4) There Were Coregencies or Parallel Reigns Occasionally. 5) The Result Is that the Kingdom Split Happened in 930 BC, the Assyrian Captivity of the Northern Kingdom Israel Was in 723 BC, and the Babylonian Captivities of the Southern Kingdom Judah Happened in 605, 597, and 586 BC.

联合王国时期有三个王（扫罗、大卫、所罗门），分别统治40年，因此扫罗作王在930+120=1050BC。借此可以推出所罗门建圣殿是在966-959BC.

The 3 Kings of the Period of United Monarchy (Saul, David, Solomon) Each Ruled for 40 Years.  Saul became King in 930+120=1050 BC. Solomon Build the Temple in 966-959 BC.

从出埃及到建圣殿是480年（王上6:1）。所以出埃及是966+480=1446BC。流浪40年以后征服迦南7年。借此可以推出约书亚入迦南是在1406BC。

There Were 480 years between the Exodus and the Temple (1 Kgs 6:1). Israel, after the Exodus in 966+480=1446 BC., Wandered for 40 years, then Conquered Canaan in 1406-1400 BC.

从亚伯拉罕出吾珥（赐应许）到以色列出埃及（赐律法）是430年（加3:17）。从以撒出生（有后裔）到出埃及是400年（创15:13）。因此他出吾珥（年70）是1446+430=1876BC，生以撒（年100）是1846BC，入埃及是1656BC。以色列在埃及是210年（短寄居论）。为奴是从米利暗（“苦”）出生开始，约87年。

From Abraham’s Exodus from Ur (the Giving of the Promise) to Israel’s Exodus from Egypt (the Giving of the Law) Was 430 years (Gal 3:17). From the Birth of Isaac (the Seed of Abraham) to the Exodus Was 400 years (Gen 15:13). Therefore, Abraham Came Out of Ur (at the Age of 70) in 1446+430=1876 BC, and Had Isaac (at the Age of 100) in 1846 BC. Israel Came into Egypt in 1656BC. Israel Was in Egypt for 210 years (Short Sojourn Theory) , and Was Enslaved from the Birth of Miriam  (“Bitterness”), for 87 years.

根据创世记11章里的家谱，从亚法撒出生到亚伯拉罕蒙召是360年。

By the Genealogy in Gen 11, from the Birth of Arphaxad to the Calling of Abraham Was 360 years.

亚法撒出生在洪水（开始）后2年，即第二年。所以大洪水结束是1876+360+1=2237BC.

Arphaxad Was Born 2 years after the (Beginning) of the Flood, (i.e. in the 2^nd year of the Flood).  So the Flood Ended in 1876+360+1=2237 BC.

大洪水是1年，在2238-2237BC。

The Year of the Flood Was 2238-2237 BC.

根据创世记5章里的家谱，从创世到大洪水是1656年。所以创世（第1年，不是第0年）是在2238+1656-1=3893BC。

By the Genealogy in Gen 5, from the Creation to the Flood Was 1656 years. So Creation (in Year 1, Not Year 0) Was in 2238+1656-1=3893 BC.

3b）圣经年代学的天文印证
Astronomical Proof of Bible Chronology

圣经里记载了三个可以被天文学证实或证伪的日期（可被证伪是卡尔·波普Karl Popper的科学论哲学对科学理论的最低要求）：

The Bible Recorded 3 Dates that Can Be Validated or Falsified by Astronomy (Falsifiability Is the Minimal Requirement for Scientific Theories by Karl Popper):

1）创世（第一年第一个月第一日）是星期天（一周的第一日），因为第七天是安息日（星期六），即Nisan 1, 3893BC=星期天。【创1章】

1) Creation  (1^st year, 1^st month, 1^st day) Should Be Sunday (1^st day of the week), because the 7^th day Was the Sabbath (Saturday), i.e. Nisan 1, 3893BC = Sunday. (Gen 1).

2）吗哪的第一天（出埃及后第二个月16日）是星期天，因为第七天是安息日，即Iyyar 16, 1446BC = 星期天。【出16章】

2) The First Day of Manna (2^nd month, 16^th day after the Exodus) Was Sunday, for the 7^th Day Was the Sabbath, i.e., Iyyar 16, 1446 BC = Sunday. (Exod 16).

3）吗哪的最后一天（入迦南的第一个月15日）是星期天，因为吃了本地的土产（=初熟节=吃逾越节晚餐后的第一个星期天），即Nisan 15，1406 BC是星期天【书5:10-12；利23:11】

3) The Last Day of Manna (1^st month, 15^th day after Entering Canaan) Was Sunday, for Israel Ate the Local Produce (First Fruits = the First Sunday after Eating the Passover) , i.e. Nisan 15，1406 BC = Sunday. (Josh 5:10-12; Lev 23:11).

使用天文计算可以验证这三个记载都属实！他们碰巧都成立的几率是1/7^3 =0.3%；不是碰巧（而是被设计）的几率是1-0.3%=99.7%。

Astronomical Calculation Can Validate All 3 Records! The Probability that They Are All True by Chance is 1/7^3=0.3%; The Probability that They Are by Design Is 1-0.3%=99.7%。

有两个圣经记载的神迹似乎拉长了时间：1）约书亚的双日神迹【书10章】，约在1400BC；2）希西家的日晷倒转【王下20章】，约在700BC。

Two Biblical Miracles Seem to Have Stretched Time: 1) Joshua’s “Double Day” (Josh 10) in c.1400 BC; and 2) Hezekiah’s “Retrograde Sundial” (2 Kgs 20) in c.700 BC.

神迹可以是两种：

1）实质性的（Noumenal），就是神真实地拉长了全宇宙的时间；2）现象性的（Phenomenological），就是神让当时当地的人真实地感受，而没有改变实质的时间。两者都是神迹，都一样对人困难、对神容易。

Miracles Can Be:

1) “Noumenal”, i.e., God Really Stretched Time for the Whole Universe; or 2) “Phenomenological”, i.e., God Let the People at the Time and Place to Experience the Phenomenon, without Changing the Nature of Time. Both Are Miracles, Equally Hard for Men, Easy for God.

因为这三个精确到1天的记载都在这两个神迹之前，都被证实。这证明了这两个神迹都是现象性的。

Because the 3 Biblical Records Precise to the Day Were before the 2 Miracles, and Were All Validated by Astronomy, the 2 Miracles Are Proven to Be Phenomenological.

以圣经世界观和年代学解释一切可观察的科学事实和历史记载

Observable Scientific Facts and Historical Records through the Biblical Worldview and Chronology.

4.1）使用圣经世界观解释一切
Apply Biblical Worldview on All

在接受膨胀宇宙的大图像下，最值得注意的工作是:

Under the Big Picture of the Expanding Universe, the Most Noticeable Works against the Cosmo-STS Are:

John Hartnett约翰·哈特奈特 (Starlight, Time & the New Physics, 星光、时间和新物理学, 2010）使用Moshe Carmeli摩西·卡梅利（Cosmological Relativity 宇宙相对论, 2006）【接受哈勃定律作为公理】，在有限的三维的欧式空间，推导出：1）不存在暗物质、暗能量；2）宇宙膨胀是因为神在创世第四天创造众星之后“铺张”（拉伸）了空间（赛42:5）【=大爆炸理论中的超光速飞胀】，造成了巨大的时间拉伸；3）宇宙年龄与6000个地球年一致。

John Hartnett (Starlight, Time and the New Physics, 2010) Used Moshe Carmeli (Cosmological Relativity, 2006) [Accepting the Hubble’s Law as an Axiom] in a Finite Euclidean Space, and Derived that 1) There Are No “Dark Matter” or “Dark Energy”; 2) The Expansion of the Universe Is due to God ‘Stretching” the Space (Isa 42:5) after the Creation of the Stars in the 4^th Day of the Creation Week (=Superluminal Inflation of the Big Bang Theory), which Caused Great Time Dilation; and 3）The Universe’s Age Is Consistent to the 6,000 years on the Earth in Atomic Time.

Russel Humphreys 罗素·汉弗雷（“Our Galaxy Is the Center of the Universe, Quantized Redshifts Show, 我们的星系是宇宙的中心，量子化红移说”，2002）使用量子化红移在哈勃定律，推导出银河系接近一个三维欧氏空间的球形对称的有限宇宙的几何中心，其它星系集中在等距离差的同心球面上。因此地球时间是衡量宇宙年龄的恰当时间。

Russel Humphreys (“Our Galaxy Is the Center of the Universe, Quantized Redshifts Show,” 2002) Used Quantized Redshift on the Hubble’s Law, and Derived that the Milky Way Galaxy Is Near the Geographic Center of a 3-dimensional Euclidean Spherically Symmetrical Finite Universe, with the Other Galaxies on Concentrical Spheres with Equal Distances Apart. Thus the Earth’s Time Is the Proper Time (Eigen-time) for the Age of the Universe.

尽管以上结果在智力上令人满足，但是宇宙学整体的流动性仍然很大，注意Halton Arp霍尔顿·阿普 (Seeing Red “见红”, 1998)发现类星体的巨大红移与它们附近甚至有物理联络的星系的小红移矛盾，挑战红移与速度的联系、甚至扩展的宇宙论；还有Hilton Ratcliffe 希尔顿·拉德克里夫（The Static Universe “静态宇宙”, 2010）继续为静态宇宙论辩护。

Even thought the above Results Are Intellectually Satisfying, There Is Still Great Fluidity in Cosmology as a Whole. Notice Halton Arp (Seeing Red, 1998), who Found Contradictions between the Great Redshifts of Quasars and the Small Redshifts of the Nearby or even Physically Connected Galaxies, Challenging the Link between Redshift and Velocity, even the Expanding Universe; also See Hilton Ratcliffe  (The Static Universe, 2010), who Still Defends the Static Universe.

John Morris 约翰·莫里斯 （The Young Earth，年轻的地球, 1994）继续是否定地质STS的理论基础。

John Morris (The Young Earth, 1994) Continues to Be the Theoretical Foundation for Refuting the Geo-STS.

Steven Austin 斯提芬·奥斯汀 （Footprints in the Ash, 灰烬中的足迹 ）对圣海伦火山爆发形成的小型大峡谷的研究证实了灾变论。

Steven Austin (Footprints in the Ash) Proved the Theory of Catastrophe by Studying the Formation of a Half-size Grand Canyon by the Eruption of St. Helena Volcano.

RATE （Radioisotope and the Age of The Earth，放射性同位素和地球年龄，2000）继续他们一流的工作。

RATE (Radioisotope and the Age of The Earth, 2000) Continued their First-rate Work.

John Sanford 约翰·桑福德（Genetic Entropy）发现了基因熵，因此对生物的存在时间提出了近期上限。这是对生物STS的重大挑战。

John Sanford  (Genetic Entropy and the Mystery of the Genome, 2005) Discovered the Genetic Entropy, thus Created a Short-term Upper Limit on the Time of Existence of Biological Entities. This Is a Significant Challenge to the Bio-STS.

可以说年代学家的大奖是找出正确的（反对考古学STS的 ）古埃及年代学。

The Grand Prize of Chronology Is Probably Egyptian Chronology against Archeo-STS.

基于David Rohl 大卫·罗尔 (Pharaohs and Kings 法老与国王，1995; The Lord of Avaris 阿瓦里斯的主，2007) ，Ted Stewart泰德·斯图瓦特(Solving the Exodus Mystery解决出埃及的奥秘, 1999), Erik Hornung (Ancient Egyptian Chronology古埃及年代学，2006), Timothy Marhoney提摩太·马宏尼（Patters of Evidence证据的模式，2015）的工作; 我找出了埃及第十二王朝的精确年代，与圣经里从约瑟入埃及（法老被谋杀，买卖粮食）到摩西出埃及（水变成血、灾祸）的时间完全对应。

Based on the Works of David Rohl (Pharaohs and Kings,1995; The Lord of Avaris, 2007), Ted Stewart (Solving the Exodus Mystery, 1999), Erik Hornung (Ancient Egyptian Chronology, 2006), and Timothy Mahoney (Patters of Evidence, 2015), I Found the Precise Chronology of the 12th Dynasty, Corresponding to the Biblical Time between Joseph’s Entry into Egypt (Murder of the King, Buying and Selling of Grains) and Moses’ Exodus from Egypt (Water Turning into Blood, Plagues etc.).

不应再拿埃及年代去衡量圣经年代，而应拿圣经年代去确定埃及年代。

We Should Not Any More Use the Egyptian Dates to Measure the Biblical Dates, but Do the Reverse, Using Biblical Dates to Determine Egyptian Chronology.

使用天文计算（Fred Espinosa, eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov 的日食计算，Albert and Pyavadee Sheffler 的“CalMaster2000”历法软件），基于David Nivison 倪德卫（The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals 竹书纪年解谜, 2009）的工作，我解读了“今本竹书纪年”里夏商周三朝的年代，有天文印证并与圣经年代对应，可以导出圣经人物与中国历史和神话人物（三皇五帝）的对应。

Using the Astronomical Calculation by Fred Espinosa (http//:www.eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov) on the Solar Eclipse, and Albert and Pyavadee Sheffler (CalMaster2000), and Based on the Work of David Nivison (The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals,  2009), I Deciphered “Today’s Version of the Bamboo Annals,” and Found the Chronology of China’s First 3 Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou), with Astronomical Validations and Complete Agreement to Biblical Chronology. A Correspondence between Certain Characters in Chinese History and Mythology (the 3 Glorious Emperors and the 5 Great Kings) and Biblical Characters Can Be Made.

对应1：黄帝登基是在挪亚生闪的2337 BC。干支纪年起始于那之前的60年，2397 BC是第一个甲子年。

Correspondence 1: The Accession of Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) Was in the Year of the Birth of Shem by Noah (2337 BC). The Counting of Years by the “Celestial Branches and the Earthly Stems” (Sexagenary Cycle) Began 60 year Earlier; 2397 BC Was the First Jia-Zi Year.

对应2：巴别塔语言变乱发生在1898 BC，圣经里法勒Peleg的最后一年，那年亚伯拉罕48岁。那年的冬月1日是甲子日，开始用干支记日。

Correspondence 2: The Language Confusion at the Tower of Babel Was in 1898 BC, the Last Year of the Biblical Peleg, when Abraham Was 48. The First Day of the Winter Month (Lunar Month Containing the Winter Solstice) of that Year Was a Jia-Zi Day, when the Counting of Days with the Sexagenary Cycle Began.

对应3：仲康5年仲秋日食是在 儒历 09/15, 格历 08/30, 农历08/01（仲秋），1884 BC，在中东（覆盖埃及，巴勒斯坦、伊拉克=“肥沃的月牙地带”）。

Correspondence 3: The Solar Eclipse of Zhongkang, in Mid-Autumn of His 5^th Year, Happened on Julian 09/15, Gregorian 08/30, Chinese 08/01 (Mid-autumn Month), 1884 BC, in the Middle East (Covering Egypt, Palestine and Iraq = the Fertile Crescent).

人物对应是：1）三皇（1.天皇伏羲燧人氏=亚当+路西弗【女娲=夏娃】，2.地皇炎帝神农氏=该隐；3.人皇黄帝轩辕氏=挪亚）。2）五帝（0.少昊/夏=闪，1.颛顼=雅弗，2.帝喾=含，3.帝挚=古实，4.尧放勋=亚法撒，5.舜=沙拉）。3）夏朝（0.禹伯=希伯，1.启=法勒，2.太康，3.仲康）。

Correspondence of Characters: 1) The 3 Glorious Emperors (1.The Emperor of Heaven Fuxi “Mr. Kindled Fire” = Adam + Lucifer (Nuwa = Eve], 2.The Emperor of the Earth Yandi “Mr. Magic Farmer” = Cain, 3.The Emperor of Man Huangdi/Hua “Mr. Big Boat” = Noah. 2) The 5 Great Kings (0.Shaohao/Xia = Shem, 1.Zhuanxu = Japheth, 2.Emperor Ku = Ham, 3.Emperor Zhi = Cush, 4.Yaofangxun = Arphaxad, 5.Shun = Shelah). 3) Xia Dynasty (0.Yubo = Eber, 1.Qi [Division] = Peleg [Division]，2.Taikang，3.Zhongkang).

用开放的头脑作理性评价，决定哪个理论体系更值得信

Made Rational Evaluations with Open Minds, to Decide which Theory Is More Worthy of Our Trust

那四个世俗时间度规（STS）实际上不是客观事实，而是基于主观信仰的理论体系；他们不是进化论世界观的科学基础，而是与之同等本质的基于信仰的理论构建。它们彼此洽和，却不是证明。几个坏人彼此说是好人，不等于他们真的是好人。倒金字塔型理论体系（假设多，印证少）是不稳定的，违背奥卡姆剃刀的科学哲学原则，很可能不真。

The 4 STS Are Not Objective Facts, but Subjective Theories. They Are Not the Scientific Foundation for Evolution, but of the Same Nature with Evolution: Theoretical Constructs Based on Faith. They May Be Consistent to Each Other, but None Is a Proof of Another.  Several Bad Men Saying Each Others Is a Saint Doesn’t Prove Any of Them Good. Inverted-pyramid-like Theoretical Systems (Many Assumptions, Few Validations) Are Unstable. They Violate Occam’s Razor in the Philosophy of Science, and Are Likely False.

年轻地球论的创造论也是一个基于信仰的理论构建，但是假设最少（写圣经的神存在），应用很广（符合那些年代学“硬证据”，还可以跨学科跨文明地协调许多历史记载）。那个更合理？为什么不决定？

Young Earth Creationism Is also a Theoretical Construct Based on Faith. However, It Has the Least Assumption (the God who Wrote the Bible Exists), and the Most Validation (Fits the Hard Evidences, and Can Explain Many Historical Records Crossing over Intellectual Subjects and World Civilizations). Which One Is More Rational?  Why Not Make a Decision?